Aspect of Methodological Approach
On the basis of the view of causal posibility, the quantitative approach always separates between the simultaneous temporal real causes that preceded it before finally giving birth to its effects. On the other hand, a qualitative approach is always impossible to separate cause from effect, let alone simultaneously.
On the basis of the view of the role of values, the quantitative approach sees everything free of value, objective and must be as it is. On the other hand, the qualitative approach sees that things are never value-free, including the researcher himself who is subjective.
Differences in Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Scientific and Methodological Aspects
There are 15 aspects that are confronted between quantitative and qualitative approaches on the nuances of sharpness (Musianto L.S., 2002). The fifteen aspects are:
In a quantitative approach, the types of approach are experimental, hard data, empirical, positivistic, real facts in the community, statistics, experiments, surveys, and structured interviews. In a qualitative approach, the types of approach are ethnographic, fieldwork, soft data, symbolic interactionism, naturalistic, descriptive, observations with role involvement, phenomenological, documentary data, case studies, descriptive historical studies, and environmental studies, observations, reviews documents, participant observers and stories.
Conceptualization aspects
In a quantitative approach, the key conceptual types are variables, validity, reliable, significance, hypothesis, and replication. In a qualitative approach, the key conceptual types are: meaning, common sense, understanding, situation boundaries, facts of daily life, processes, and social construction.
Aspects of the Pioneer figures
In the quantitative approach there are positivistic figures such as Emile Durkhein, L. Guttman, Fred Kerlinger, Donald Cambell, and Peter Rossi. On average he is an expert who believes in exact and exact science with strong quantum formulas. In the qualitative approach there are pragmatic figures such as Max Weber, Charles Horton Cooley, Harold Garfinkel, Margaret Mead, Anselm Strauss, Herbert Blumer, Erving Goffman, George H. Mead, and Burney Glaser.
Theoretical Orientation Aspects
In the quantitative approach the basis of the theory is functional structural, positivism, behaviorism, empirical logic and theoretical systems. They prioritize systematic, clear and definite theories. In a qualitative approach, the theoretical basis is symbolic interactionism, ethnometodology, phenomenology, culture, and so on. These qualities prioritize not certain or established theories, they theorize about human phenomena from the aspect of symbols, ethnicity, and so on. Something that can change, even there is an extreme flow of qualitative negate the theory in research.
Aspect of Objectives or Targets
In a quantitative approach the direction and focus of a research is through theoretical testing, constructing or compiling facts and data, statistical descriptions, clarity of relationships and predictions. Means that each step prioritizes axioms, formulas, and problem solving and solving problems directly.
Aspect of Science Type
This field is somewhat blended and changes in nuance (range), meaning that it is difficult to specify (corridor, box) knowledge, and so on. But there is a tendency for science to have an ambivalent approach at the same time. Quantitative trends are found in the engineering sciences, certainty and nature, economics, psychology, sociology, computer science, and so on.
Quantitative tendencies are found in the humanities, history, sociology, anthropology, cultural sciences, and so on. Lately there is a science that has both approaches, such as sociology, medicine, behavior, descriptive economics, and so on.